Necrophilia in A Rose for Emily Essay example -- A Rose For Emily, Will

William Faulkners short story, A Rose for Emily is often held as a literary classic due to Faulkner?s ability to play with our mind and emotions virtually to the point of frustration. However, there is much more than mind games that Faulkner plays that makes this story great. Emily Grierson, the main character, is a strong-willed stubborn old bitty, who was quite odd, this alone is a reason for greatness. To fully understand why Emily is the way that she is one must look past the obvious and truly look at Emily. Emily Grierson has a amiable condition that is just itching to be discovered. Miss Emily was give out of the highly revered Grierson family, the aristocrats of the town. They held themselves to a higher standard, and nothing or nought was ever good enough for them. Faulkner fist gives us the clue of Emilys mental condition when he refers to Emilys great-aunt, Lady Wyatt. Faulkner tells us that Lady Wyatt had gone altogether crazy (Faulkner 93). Due to the higher standar ds they had set for themselves, they believed that they were too high for that and thus distanced themselv...

Free Essays - The Excellent Tale of Ernest Hemingways A Farewell to Arms :: Farewell Arms Essays

A farewell to Arms Inspiring Ernest Hemingways A Farewell to Arms captures the inspiringtrials and tribulations of a disillusioned while caught between bask and war.  Driving an ambulance on the Italian front ofWorld war One Frederick Henry discovers his values as herealizes his love for Catherine Barkley, a innocent EnglishNurse. An Ameri stool Second Lieutenant in the Italian Armys AmbulanceCorps, Frederick Henry is depicted as an average man in searchof a set of values.  Initially Frederick is lonely, lustful,confused and restless, only if as he becomes involved withCatherine Barkley he finds his niche, and a meaning to life.Frederick poop be considered heroic in that he is honorable, notinterested in material commodities, and puts his fellow soldierbefore himself.  When the entire mess pressure group teases the priestFrederick defends him and is his only true friend.  Also, whenoffered an award, Frederick refuses.  Additionally, when he andthe ot her drivers were bombed, he ignores his consume injuries toassist the others and insists that the doctors treat othersbefore himself.  Catherine Barkley is a young English she-goat whohas already lost a fianc to the war and is introduced aspartially crazy.  She begins her birth with Frederickpretending, he is her lost fianc who has returned, but soonfalls  in love with him and regains her sanity.  Throughoutthe story Catherine remains static, and represents the ideal Hemingwaycharacter that Frederick is to become as the novel comes to an end. The basic plot of the novel revolves around Fredericks alliance with Catherine.  Frederick experiences the war inthe Italian Alps and sustains a leg wound that hospitalizeshim for several months.  Although he knew Catherine before hishospitalization, their relationship blossoms during this periodwhen he is out from the front.  Soon after his return to thefront, there is a huge retrogress and he takes his am bulance crewon a back road to draw in around traffic.  When he finally doesmake it back to the army he is forced to desert in fear ofexecution.  He finds Catherine and they begin a new lifetogether in Switzerland.  Ultimately, Frederick learns hisbasic values done Catherine in their adventures of love,war, and death during World War One.  The theme shown is thatlove can come from even the strangest places, also there is abasic just versus evil shown by the dramatic tragedy at theend. A Farewell to Arms is a very emotional and understandingstory.  Throughout the intelligence Frederick acted as a confused hero

Speech about Drugs

It does not look who I am or what my name is, what re completelyy did matters is my screw or so this topic and of course the message that m going to pass you at the end of this speech. Marijuana, L SD, Cocaine, Heroin All these fancy words, what are they all? They are medicates, all distinguishable types Of drugs. All Of which beat a different affect on our corpse, some to a greater extent than others but they all do the same. Lets be honest. Drugs is not as cool as you think they are, they must be make forn seriously especially in your age gallant students when it is more likely to want to try new things.Close your eyes. Imagine your emotional state as a drug hook. What you befool just thought, I am so convince that it open fire not be compared to what drugs outhouse do to any of us. Well, test take a deeper look. First of all, let me explicate the true definition of the word drug. Drug gazumpion is a dependency on a legal or illegal drug on medication. When you a re addicted is when your body requires the drug in higher doses to let the same effect and to avoid withdrawal symptoms. You have an intense request for the drug. Most people can not quit and they need care since they can not do it on their sustain.Also, drugs can get serious, keen-sighted term consequences, including problems with physical and mental health, relationships and employment. Based on the observation, the students consume the drugs courtship of stress. It is to calm down the instant thought. The students do not realize that the drugs white plague has the negative impact for them, like the intelligence decreases, mental disorder, death and legion(predicate) lovelys of disease. Take a moment and think of the signs that soulfulness can have when he is addicted. At first, it is not so obvious to recognize the addict from the healthy human.Usually, If the addict go too long without drugs, he experience symptoms such as nausea, restlessness, insomnia, depression, s weating, shaking, and anxiety. If you take a deeper look in soul addicts eyes they re usually bloodshot, larger or smaller than usual. He does not eat, sleep and he sudden lose or top weight. His physical appearance is starting to deteriorating and he has an unusual smells on breath, body or clothing. Not that he lose his words, but in addition when he is talking his voice tremors.As for his behavior can easily change over and the person you knew, it turns out to be someone else that the only thing he cares about is to take his drug dose. He drops in attendance and consummation at work or school. He has an unexplained need for money, and he as well as may borrow or steal money if you effuse to give him. Sudden change in colleagues, and he frequently get into trouble, fights or up to now illegal activities. What about the effects that drugs can do to their victims? Well there are so many, that I have no idea where to start.Firstly, drugs can weaken the immune system and al so value to heart attacks. We all survive that drugs such as heroin can be injected. Well, injected drugs can also lead to collapsed veins, infections of the blood and different kind of diseases such as Aids. Another effect on drugs is that it can cause seizures, stroke and widespread brain mage that leads to problems with memory, attention and decision-making. Do you know that drugs can produce global body changes? For instance they may development look in men and it can increase body temperature.Drugs speed up the nervous system and give a whimsey of happiness and well-being. They celebrate you from relaxing and sleeping, you become uncontrolled and jumpy. The drugs can take you, to not only on good trip that extraordinary things will happen, they can also take you on a bad trip that it turns out to be a nightmare that you can not wake up from. Your life revolves more or less drug SE. You spend a lot Of time using and mentation about drugs, figuring out how to get them, and recovering from the drugs effects.You become grim and you lose all interest in life. You also become paranoid, you staccato reality from what you are seeing when you are stoned. Another effect is that the drug addicts have the feeling that someone is after them like the police, or someone who wants to hurt them. What about the people around the addicts? Can you imagine what the environ environment can think of them when they find out that you became drug addict? First of all, since you can not concentrate to your job responsibilities, one mean solar day to another you become unemployment.Say goodbye to your friendships or relationships that you once had. They can also be negatively affected since the people around you can not trust you. Lastly, the most fatal feeling that you can cause to your family is the feeling of disappointment. The family of the addicts usually blame themselves for the addicts mistakes for doing drugs. F-articulately they are some ways that in instantly a drug addict can answer himself. First of all, you have to stand out and refuse to take drugs. Also, you should find out more healthy solutions to your problems that you may facing.Last but not least, as a friend of the victim motivate him to seek for help for his addiction. For example, going to rehab or even going to some organizations such as the Narcotics Anonymous (AN) can help you in many ways to stop using drugs. So, you want know who I am or who I was? Well, I was a drug victim that ended up destroying everything in my life. I was the one that changed dramatically and became one of the things that I warned you about. I shut people up, especially my own family. Captioned everyone and when I wanted help it was too late.

Michael Cunningham Essay

Michael was the most ambitious of blokes. He stole the Wright Brothers plane. He and so flew all the way to Pluto, on unmatchable tank of fuel, to find one of his best mates eating the small planet. So he carried on to the end of the Milky Way and on to the next, Chocolate Log. The returned twenty geezerhood by and by saying that he had discovered another(prenominal) species of complex organisms and universe in the next galaxy. Michael Cunningham was born(p) on the 14th of October in 1987 in the city of Birmingham. At the jump on of three he acquired a young brother named Dean.In 1991 Michael started attending Harborne Primary School, then at the age of eleven he left Harborne Primary to start in Shenley beg Specialist Arts College and Sixth Form Centre. At the end of socio-economic class eleven, senior(a) sixteen, he left his secondary school with 10A* GCSE grades, and started raising in the ATC in 2005. After two years he completed his training and startye4d full date work as an electrician for the Royal publicize Force. Towards the end of October 2007, he was transferred to Duxford airbase to work as the Chief Electrician. At this time he was nineteen and Britains youngest Chief Electrician.Then towards the end of 2009 he received a letter telling him that Kelly, once the love of his animateness, had been killed in a car crash. After attending her funeral Michael stole the world storied Wright brothers plane and that was the last the world saw of him for twenty years. Michael reappeared in 2029, aged 41, with claims that he had seen one of his best mates, David Smith, eating Pluto during 2019. Then during a press conference he also claimed that he had found another three planets on his adventure that were inhabited with beings more intelligent than us. in that location is more life in this universe, more than you could ever imagine. He after(prenominal)ward went on to say, It is unbelievable how intelligent they are, and I mean when compa red to them we know nothing. Scientists later confirmed that Pluto had disappeared and we received a few visits from the intelligent beings Michael had found. Michael, at the age of forty-six, started studying some of the species he had discovered, he discovered that they were more or less five million years more advanced than us. Also that they were born with intelligence and ability to communicate, walk and work. At the age of seventy-three he retired to a semi-detached bungalow in Skegness after his wife, jenny, had passed away.About six months after moving a killer ninja penguin attacked him. Another of his mates, Tom Bates, saved him moments onward he was eaten. Approximately five minutes later Michael suffered a nerve centre attack after an examination it was determined that the heart attack was caused by the shock of the attack by the penguin. Looking at his personal life he had had a few girlfriends throughout his secondary school life, although plainly a couple had be en serious, and from when he had joined the ATC until he had returned from his adventure he hadnt had much of a social life.Then at the age of forty-three he started dating an old school friend, Kate, but this didnt last for more six months. Then he became engaged to Jenny Wattrus in July of 2035 and married in November that year. They had seven children, five girls and two boys, and go to London where they bought a large nominate and lived there until their children had moved out, at which point the two of them moved down to Devon and into a smaller house so that they didnt feel so lonely. Show preview sole(prenominal)

Catcher in The Rye by J. D. Salinger

In the novel Catcher in The Rye, Salinger has employed a very realistic portrayal of teens and how they cause. There be plenty of singularity on how he properly conveyed this to the audience and he also gap these characteristics by dint of- protrude all of the characters that are used within the novel.Firstly, you fuddle Holden a teenager who is non alship canal the brightest bulb in the cabinet, but he has a clear understanding on how the world works and tho he ironically does not withdraw the brains to execute this knowledge directly into the world. Secondly, you sustain Stradlater a teenager who only spends all his time going come to the fore with girls and partying. Some might say he is a party creature. Lastly, you have Ackley a mostly grotesque teenager who does not take heed to social cues, acts profoundly around people actions and his a good deal obnoxious intimately everything (not knowing, that is how he is acting though). So, Salingers opinion (when it com es to characteristics of a teenager) is that all teenagers are blatantly ignorant everything, that all teenagers think they can save sea-coast their fashion through life and do not have any(prenominal) respect for the people around us.Holden does not actually think more or less what he is going to say, he honest amiable of spits everything step up. Maybe he is an intelligent boy and all, but how he speaks and what he says proves otherwise. Holden states I practically got T.B Im pretty healthy, though. (J.D Salinger, 5) In this sentence he dialogue a round of drinks basically having a life threatening disease and thusly tries to reassure to the reader that he is pretty healthy, I in person think that in a logical statement he would have said something on the lines of I practically got T.B I should get that checked out. (J.D Salinger, 5)While Holden is having a conversation with Mr. Spencer he even acknowledges his own stupidity to himself/the reader through the idea of imm aturity. I was sixteen so, and Im seventeen now, and some generation I act uniform Im about thirteen. (Salinger, 9) It is kind of ironic if you think about it, he does not want to be known as dumb or stupid or an idiot, yet he has theoccasional time when he acts like a thirteen year old. Holden, he understands where his faults are, but he cannot come to a shutdown on how to actually fix them he just carries on with his cardinal-four hour period as if it does not matter.Holdens modemate Stradlater thoroughly enjoys going out on Friday darkness, Saturday night, well every night. To do so, he has to find ways to be able to still do well in inform art object 0slacking off and shrugging all his work aside and his solution anyone he can find. At one point Stradlater and Holden (because they are way of lifemates) meet up in their room and Stradlater craves Holden is he can do a vast prefer for him and if he was planning on going out. Holden replies asking what the favour is an d that he did not have plans of any sorts. Afterwards Stradlater asks the big marvel, I got about a hundred pages to read for history How bout writing a composition for me? (Salinger, 28)In this instance he had just initiated a vital opening for Holden to be a friend or to just blow him off, and Holden accepts the offer and says he will do the paper for him. Stradlater had just avoided doing his work for one reason he wanted to go out that night with a girl.Stradlater is also a guy who knows how to be blandish enough that he can convince people to do things for him, you could case at it as he has it better than everyone else because he is prettier than other people. He compliments Holdens new hat with the term sharp and then almost instantaneously afterwards asks Listen. Are ya gonna write that composition for me? I have to know. (Salinger, 29) Why did he collect to know you might ask? Well, if Holden has explicitly said no. to him then Stradlater would have stayed in that night to do it, although Holden says If I get the time, I will (Salinger, 29) Stradlater, using Holden like a boat in the river of life, just expects Holden to float on his way through life, carrying Stradlater along while he is having a party in the boat.Finally, there is Ackley. Now, Ackley has a knack for hanging out in the unlawful place for too long. In chapter three, Holden is laying down in his room reading a book and enjoying the feeling of his new hat on the top of his head when, let it be hold that his neighbour Ackley comes strolling all over into his room without any true intent on why he is there.Ackley movesfriskily around the room, touching everything he can multiple times while trying to hold a conversation with Holden (who clearly does not want one). Ive read this same sentence about twenty times since you came in. (Salinger, 20) After stating that Ackley was a disturbance to him, he still did not get the hint and clearly not picking up on the cue to get out of Holdens room. Later on while Ackley is still occupying the room, Holden says to his self I sometimes horse around to write myself from getting bored. (Salinger, 21) Once Holden starts to annoy Ackley, trying to make him vacate the room he STILL does not leave. So, clearly Ackley has a problem with succeeding(a) what people are trying to put out to him because he is just plain ignorant about other people and quite honestly himself if you were to take a look at how he manages his outer image.In conclusion, J.D Salinger has do the novel Catcher in The Rye a story that really shows how teenagers act/acted. Salinger also adds his own input on how he thinks teenagers act and/or acted in our time period and the time period at which this novel was written and/or published in through the characters he had created. Three of the main characters Holden, Stradlater and Ackley are all extremely different which expresses a wide variety of teenager characteristic.Holden symbolizes blatant ignorance for the world around him, Stradlater shows us how un-caring and un-motivated teenagers are when it comes to working on anything and lastly, Ackley describes the lack of respect that we as teenagers have for the people around us. Salinger has made it pretty clear that he believes that teenagers need to change and used this novel to get his point across the world.

John Collier “Back for Christmas” Essay

The text edition Back for Christmas by toilette Collier is written in a style of fiction. The story is intimately farewell party to the doctor Carpenter and his wife.In the beginning of the text we can see the Carpenters living room that was filled with the close friends who had summate to say final-minute farewell the informant apply this epithet to test us that their friends would be missing him very much.On the contrary with his wife doctor Carpenter wasnt sure he would come in time, he thought smth could spoil his plans.But his wife beaming at them said he would be back in England for Christmas. The metaphor is used to reassure everybody to make them believe in this.So, the farewells began. Mrs Carpenter tried her go around to make each the arrangements on the high level and to prove it the agent used such epithet as fluting of compliments and providential arrangements.Carpenters were going to drive to Southampton that evening and would embark the following day. They fall in chosen this kind of transport for more comfortable travelling without any bustle. And to accentuate it the author the used the repetition No trains, no bustle, no last minute worries.So doctor Carpenter has contracted for lecture simply three months and certainly he would be a great advantage in America. His wife Hermione has just tagged a long him to have some entertainments to see the big cities skyscrapers.Then the author uses repetitions No extensions. No wonderful post that show us that his hospital needs him.After the farewell dinner the maids washed up all the plates, come in to say goodbye and were in time to assure the afternoon bus to Devizes.So, to my mind, the main idea of the text east or west home is the best.

Marketing Mix †4Ps of Marketing Mix Essay

Marketing mix screwing be describes as the use and specification of the 4 Ps describing the strategic position of a ingathering in the marketplace A full-grown person to take centre stage was E. Jerome McCarthy in 1960 he proposed a four-P classification which was popularized. (wikipedia.com) The merchandising mix approach to marketing is a homunculus of creating and implementing market strategies. The marketing mix stresses the mixing of distinguishable factors in a counseling that both organizational and consumer or target markets objectives ar attained. The 4 Ps of marketing are Product, Place, advancement and Price. Each plays a place factor in the over wholly self-made marketing of a ware or service.ProductAlthough this typically refers to a physical product, it has been expanded to hold run whirled by a service organization. The specification of the product is iodin of the variables that a marketer has at his/her control. For example, the product flowerpot adm it received colors (or not), certain scents (or not), certain features (or not). Lastly, in the broadest sense when a consumer purchases a product it also intromits the post-sales relationship with the company. The post-sales relationship can include customer service and any warranty. The product or service is an grave instigate of the whole marketing process, after all, something that is completely useless to anyone is usually unrealized regardless of how great the place, promotion or price is. Sometimes companies jadet come push through with all new products they just separate out to tailor authentic products to better suit people. Convenience is one of the study factors in coming up with a better version of a current product.PriceThe price is the amount compensable for a product. In some cases, especially in business-to-business marketing this can also include the total cost of ownership (TCO). Total cost of ownership whitethorn include costs such as installation and other products essential to deliver a complete functional solution. It is important to remain belligerent when it comes to pricing. If the product is new and different customers exit be willing to gift much, but if the same product is being offered, one should really bet keeping the price at or below the value of its competitors. This will give the product an even chance of being purchased, as it wouldnt fall outside of the average budget for that type of product.PromotionPromotion represents all of the communications that a marketer whitethorn insert into the marketplace. This can include TV, radio, and print advertising, as well as coupons, direct mail, billboards, and online advertising. ace of the less well-defined areas in promotion is the role of a clement sales force. Are the messages the sales person provides to a consumer a fortune of the promotional mix, or is it part of the product? On the other hand, consumers may rather purchase the product simply when sol d through the pay of a puddlen salesperson. lots times we think of marketing as just the promotion or sales part, but the other 3 factors are often times just as important, if not more important.Promotion is the advertising of the actual product or service. One essential consider who the audience is and what the lift out way is to target them. This could include picture set advertisements, radio advertisements, mailing and so on. There is no one best way to advertise, it really depends on the product and its audience. This is a very important aspect of marketing, and often times a good or self-aggrandizing promotional campaign can make or break a product or service.PlacePlace represents the location where a product can be purchased. It is often referred to as the distribution channel. It can include any physical hive away as well as realistic stores on the Internet. Place is also an important part of marketing. The product or service needs to be accessible to customers, es pecially its target market. Often times there are no need for an actual store location, as many very successful companies offer just online services or products. In these instances, products or services are much more at rest and cheaper to the customer because of the lower overhead costs.One very successful company that I thought of that had the 4 Ps of marketing gloomy packed was Netflix. The company almost singlehandedly brought its competitors to their knees. These companies, including Blockbuster video have since regain and began offering a similar service, but Netflix had it all planned out and rolled out so efficiently that it really caught everyone by surprise.ProductNetflix is a little tricky when it comes to the product. Their product isnt a product at all, but a service that it provides for its customers. It offers the service of movie term of a contracts, but in a more convenient way than the traditional movie rental stores such as Blockbuster or Hollywood Videos. I kn ow personally that I didnt always have time to come down a movie on the day it was due back, which was usually only 2 days after renting it, so I paid a lot of late fees. These late fees often times added up to almost as much as actually just acquire a movie, which steered me away from even renting movies in the first place. more or less 1999 Netflix came up with an online movie subscription with no late fees. This gave people the gubbins of receiving the movies they valued to see right in their mailbox. No more having to go inquisitory through the isle for a movie that was already rented out.PlaceNetflix doesnt offer a place where a customer can come pickup their order, instead everything gets conveniently shipped to each customer via United States Postal Service. This makes it convenient for just about anyone to use because there doesnt have to be a local store or shipping location around. Customers are able to place orders right online, which is a convenient and private wa y to pick the DVDs that they desire to view.PromotionThe promotion of Netflix was primarily done through television advertisements. They targeted television bewitchers, who for the most part also watch movies. Their catchy marketing claimed No Due Dates and No late Fees, which was very appealing to consumers who were devolve of paying late fees with their current movie rental stores. It also offered the convenience of No shipping or handling charges, which made it just as competitive as the other places.PriceThe prices that Netflix charges its customers are very competitive to the current market of DVD rentals. They have different options to suit different needs. fit in to their website, they have a plan starting as low as only $4.99 per month. This plan allows viewing of up to 5 movies. For customers who want to watch more movies per month, they offer other plans also, such as the $17.99 a month plan that allows 3 movies to be out at a time. formerly one movie is returned, another is sent out in its place. These different plans offer a wide variety of choices to fit different budgets.Its take place to see how the marketing mix and the 4 Ps of marketing have a large impact on marketing. As we can see, Netflix was a very carefully planned out project. Product, Place, Price and Promotion were all identified and have played a great part in its success. When a company has a well planned out marketing plan, which consists of the 4 Ps, as Netflix does, it leads to greater success in the long run.Referenceswww.wikipedia.comwww.netflix.com

Educating Rita Notes

Into the ball examines how various texts represent stages of growing up and maturation. transitional phase, marked by new challenges, opportunities and bloods described as a service of passage, a time of change and adaption from one military man of dumbfound into a nonher. offers knowledge, understanding and perspicacity as well as more effortful and difficult consequences. Worlds encountered argon varied as well as the odd and individual shipway that people cope with the pressures of moving out into the world.When responding to texts, students atomic number 18 to record the different pathways (worlds and ways of coping) that are available. Educating Rita Willy Russell explores notions of personal growing and self sentiency done and through the transformation and process of change that occurs in heel and Rita. the playwright describes the play as a love history, although the relationship that unfolds amid Rita and Frank is also a story active literature, languag e and commandment. n educative relationship betwixt instruct and learning is examined through the transition from ignorance to knowledge and enlightenment. an educational context is employ to explore the organic evolution of skills, attitudes, values and outlook that takes place in Frank and Rita. Frank and Ritas interaction as teacher and student triggers a re-evaluation of self and their relationship with their world. The bond they form generates the emotional impetus (force) infallible to undergo native (so basic as to be hard to alter, resolve, or overcome) change. his is represented through Rita and Franks juxtaposition of class, background, social expectations and values. in the introduction of the play, Russell explains that he aimed to achieve this in a way that move an audience and was applicable to those who considered themselves uneducated, those whose daily language is not the language of the university or the theatre. the play explores of import notions of ed ucation including the motivations and dreams that inspire teacher and student alike.Educating Rita has prove to be super successful because Bildungsroman elements of self-realisation, allow it to transcend barriers of language, class and be given and strike an sympathetic chord with audiences. the genre of Bildungsroman has an educative localise that looks at the inter-relationship of man and society. the focus is the extended journey of personal development that the takeoff rocket undergoes. the tone is typically personal, reflective and highly subjective. erceptions of self and social personal identity are examined and as such the characterisation is psychologically complex and chastely ambiguous (unclear or inexact because a choice between alternatives has not been made). changes that occur are often motivated by a require for self-improvement or self-fulfillment and can result in a greater self-knowledge. these features are clearly seen by the altered outlooks both Rita and vocal exhibit by the end of their time together. STRUCTURE fifteen scene, cardinal-hander script with only two characters. each scene depicts one of ritas visits, charting the growing relationship between teacher and pupil.Educating Rita NotesInto the World examines how various texts represent stages of growing up and maturation. transitional phase, marked by new challenges, opportunities and relationships described as a rite of passage, a time of change and adaption from one world of experience into another. offers knowledge, understanding and insight as well as more arduous and difficult consequences. Worlds encountered are varied as well as the unique and individual ways that people cope with the pressures of moving out into the world.When responding to texts, students are to demonstrate the different pathways (worlds and ways of coping) that are available. Educating Rita Willy Russell explores notions of personal growth and self awareness through the transformation and process of change that occurs in Frank and Rita. the playwright describes the play as a love story, although the relationship that unfolds between Rita and Frank is also a story about literature, language and education. n educative relationship between teaching and learning is examined through the transition from ignorance to knowledge and enlightenment. an educational context is used to explore the development of skills, attitudes, values and outlook that takes place in Frank and Rita. Frank and Ritas interaction as teacher and student triggers a re-evaluation of self and their relationship with their world. The bond they form generates the emotional impetus (force) needed to undergo fundamental (so basic as to be hard to alter, resolve, or overcome) change. his is represented through Rita and Franks juxtaposition of class, background, social expectations and values. in the introduction of the play, Russell explains that he aimed to achieve this in a way that engaged an audience an d was relevant to those who considered themselves uneducated, those whose daily language is not the language of the university or the theatre. the play explores fundamental notions of education including the motivations and dreams that inspire teacher and student alike.Educating Rita has proved to be highly successful because Bildungsroman elements of self-realisation, allow it to transcend barriers of language, class and race and strike an empathetic chord with audiences. the genre of Bildungsroman has an educative focus that looks at the inter-relationship of man and society. the focus is the extended journey of personal development that the protagonist undergoes. the tone is typically personal, reflective and highly subjective. erceptions of self and social identity are examined and as such the characterisation is psychologically complex and morally ambiguous (unclear or inexact because a choice between alternatives has not been made). changes that occur are often motivated by a desire for self-improvement or self-fulfillment and can result in a greater self-knowledge. these features are clearly seen by the altered outlooks both Rita and frank exhibit by the end of their time together. STRUCTURE fifteen scene, two-hander script with only two characters. each scene depicts one of ritas visits, charting the growing relationship between teacher and pupil.

Live in Essay

22 August 2008 In January 2008, the Supreme Court reasonedated long-term extend-in races as joins. A Supreme Court bench headed by Justice Arijit Pasayat with P Satasivan declared that children born out of such a human kindred testament no longer be called illegitimate. Law inclines in the interest of genuineness and thumbs down whoreson or fruit of adultery, the judgeship added.The prime solicit judgment was followed by similar suggestions from the National Commission for Women (NCW). In June this year, in response to recommendations make by the Ministry of Women and Child Development, the NCW sought a change in the definition of wife as described in Section 125 of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC), which deals with maintenance. The NCW recommended that women in digest-in human relationships should be entitled to maintenance if the man deserts her.Emphasising the need for broadening the definition of wife in the CrPC section, NCW officials said there had been chances where the man led the charr to believe that he was un unify or was divorced or leave and went ahead with the formalities required by marriage righteousnesss or the system governing him. As a way of countering this, NCW chairperson Girija Vyas suggested that even if a marriage was not registered, a womans claim would comport if she provided enough proof of a long-term relationship.This underscored the Supreme Courts stand that a man and woman, having weard unneurotic for long, would be presumed to feature been espouse, unless it was rebutted by convincing evidence. Equal rights The recent ruling is only the latest in a series of recommendations by various bodies seeking equal rights for the married woman and live-in effeminate hittner. A recommendation by the Justice Malinath delegation to the Law Commission of India (2003) stated that if a woman has been in a live-in relationship for a reasonable time, she should enjoy the legal rights of a wife.The shelter of Women fro m Domestic Violence Act (2005) provides protection to women at the hands of their hubbys as well as live-in helpers, and his relatives. When the law came into force in October 2006, it did not sign surrounded by the woman who is married and the woman who is in a live-in relationship. The SC ruling in itself has its precedent in a 1927 judgment do by the Privy Council, the Supreme Courts predecessor in pre-independent India. In A Dinohamy v.WL Blahamy, the Council laid down a general article of faith Where a man and a woman are proved to have lived together as a man and wife, the law will presume, unless the untoward be clearly proved, that they were living together in consequence of a valid marriage and not in a state of concubinage. The Council made signifi preservet additions to the 1927 ruling in 1929 in Mohabhat Ali Vs Mohammad Ibrahim Khan. It said The law presumes in favour of marriage and against concubinage when a man and woman have cohabited incessantly for a numbe r of long time. For a live-in couple to be considered validly married, the solicit wanted evidence of cohabitation for a number of years, without specifying the minimum number of years. In Gokal Chand and Pravin Kumari (1952), the Supreme Court reiterated the 1929 principle. However, it added that though the presumption for a valid marriage between a live-in couple could be drawn from their long cohabitation, it wasnt enough to earn them legitimacy if the evidence of their living together was rebuttable.In this judgment, the apex court refused to recognise a live-in relationship, though the couple had lived together for some years before the pregnant woman decided to live alone with her child born out of a live-in relationship with the man. The rebuttal of a presumption in favour of a valid marriage, in this case, came from the child, who said she did not remember her father ever visiting her or her mother.In Badri Prasad (1978), the Supreme Court recognised a live-in relationshi p as a valid marriage, accusing the authorities of questioning a relationship 50 years after the couple had begun living together, and were treated as a married couple even by their relatives. The view from the courts A Madhya Pradesh High Court judgment in 1985 dealt with the case of Loli, who had lived for several years with Radhika Singh. Together they had five daughters and a son. The trial court dismissed the case made by Singhs sister-in-law that Loli should not have property rights as she was just a mistress.The sister-in-law had sought her rights over the property, and contended that Loli had started living with Singh even when her starting line husband was alive, and therefore, there could not be a presumption of valid marriage. entirely the appellate court set aside the trial courts order, a stand the Madhya Pradesh High Court also concur with. This brings us to Payal Sharma Vs Superintendent, Nari Niketan, and others, in which a court stated in 2001 that a live-in rela tionship was not illegal.Sharma had moved the Allahabad High Court to be odd to do her own bidding after being forced to live in a Nari Niketan at Agra, following her arrest, along with Ramendra Singh, with whom she had a live-in relationship. The Agra practice of law arrested her and Singh on the basis of an FIR lodged by her father, accusing Singh, an already married man, of kidnapping Sharma. A resident of Kannauj district in Uttar Pradesh, Sharma produced documentary evidence, including her gritty school certificate, to prove that she was 21 years old.On the basis of this evidence, the court directed the authorities to set her free. Justice M Katju and Justice RB Mishra stated, Petitioner Smt. Payal Sharma appeared before us and stated that she is above 21 years of age, which is borne out from the high school certificate which shows that her date of birth is 10. 7. 1980. so she is a major and has the right to go anywhere and live with anyone. In our opinion, a man and a woma n, even without getting married, can live together if they wish to.This may be regarded as immoral by society, but is not illegal. There is a difference between law and morality. Thus, a uniform view appears to emerge from the courts, when one looks at the register of cases on the question of live-in relationships. It appears that, by and large, legal sanction for live-in relationships is based on the assumption that they are not between equals, and therefore women must be protected by the courts from the patriarchal power that defines marriage, which covers these relationships too. Shades of greyBut such protective sanction raises other questions, notably almost the groundwork of marriage itself, for which there are no easy answers. Supposing a live-in relationship is between a man who is already married with children, and a star woman? In Payal Sharma, Ramendra Singh was a married man with children. Which womans interest should the courts and law protect, and in doing so, can the apparent equality between married and unmarried couples be maintained? Live-in relationships also raise questions about legal stance towards bigamy.In spirit and essence, the Allahabad High Court perspicacity contradicts the law against bigamy for Hindus, both for men and women, which make it mandatory for a husband or wife to get a divorce before they can marry again. When bigamy is illegal except for Muslims in what sense can a live-in relationship be equal to a marriage, if either the man or the woman is already married? And how is it that a division bench of a High Court is able to pronounce a judgement that openly violates the social, legal and filial implications that bind the husband in a Hindu marriage, which includes living with the wife and children under the same roof?Theres also the question of marriage- resembling protection for a woman who enters a relationship with someone she isnt married to, by choice or circumstance. Does a female partner need the protectio n of legal standing tantamount(predicate) to that of a wife, in a non-married relationship she entered into by choice or circumstance? To marry, or not to marry? Live-in relationships among urban, educated, upper-middle class young hoi polloi began as a declaration of independence, as a way of retentivity away from the shackles of governing bodyalised marriages.In fact, its a willful rejection of the institution of marriage, of the stereotypes it engenders, and of the restrictions and inequalities it has come to stand for. But, legal sanction granted to a live-in relationship may put it back in the trap that live-in partners sought to disconcert in the first place. This legal sanction implies that live-in relationships are bound by the same rules of fidelity, commitment and economic stability that marriage is structured in. fond geographer Soma Das says that people who opt for live-in relationships do so because they do not believe in marriage. If live-in relationships are tre ated on par with marriage, many young men and women may not really handle to get into such open relationships. At the other end, ensuring maintenance and swelled legal sanction to live-in relationships will not make the position of the female partner equal to that of the wife because social acceptance in Indian society will take a very long time.It lull does not have a mindset that accepts the estranged female partner of a live-in relationship. Psychologist Shenaz B Ilavia believes that live-in relationships are still confined to a marginal segment of society which she calls the elite, upper middle class. Theoretically, it may sound like a better proposition than marriage, but very few people actually opt for it. A live-in relationship is not a alleviation for marriage, she says.

Market Research for Entry of Kellogs Nutribar

Defining the research problem mid(prenominal) Develop market entry strategy for Kellogg nutria by analyse consumer behavior towards unnatural Determine harvest-festival features, pricing, SKU (small and big packet) and postulating deputize problems Sub Problem to understand the relationship between the Kellogg brand and the consumer investigate Questions 1 . W get into does the customer, identify the Kellogg brand with? 2. What is the demographic profile of the Kellogg consumer? Sub Problems to understand consumer preferences roughly nutrias and canvasbacks Research Questions 1 .What is the extent of customer knowledge roughly nutrias? 2. What argon the major usage patterns of nutrias and canvasbacks? 3. Which attribute of canvasbacks do consumers dislike? 4. Who Influences the customers buying decisiveness? 5. What would be the recommended determine-point for the Kellogg nutria? 6. Is the unnatural considered an Indulgence? Research Design The crop under consideration Is Ke llogg Unnatural. We begin Identified the target segment to be young children between age groups 6-15. We have positioned it to be a voluptuous and wellnessy, nutrient filled snapback.After conducting a secondary search the following parameters argon identified The of import problems which be identified for the research argon 0 to understand the relationship between the Kellogg brand and the consumer 0 to understand consumer preferences about nutrias. We have designed a necessary questionnaire for conducting a cross sectional position and found that proportionate tell sampling will be apt to get the necessary consumer Insights. Sampling Design There be many methods of sampling when doing research.We have to choose the most Ideal sampling method giving us the maximum probability of getting the results hat are needed to develop the best entry strategy. per capita stratified sampling will be carried out giving due cant to the various age-groups representation in the Indian s tate. This will be conducted, ideally, at an urban/semi-urban geography. Simple random sampling, which is the most ideal, is seldom used since the luxuriousness of time or money to access a whole population is hardly ever available. Hence, Stratified Sampling is the sampling method that should be implemented.The survey will be an anonymous one, with no mention of gender or name. This will not affect results, hunger being universal. becharm weight will be given to all age-groups In the survey, In line with their representation In the Indian population. Insights from exploratory research trade research was carried out at xx, and a precedent size of 50 respondents was obtained. xx was chosen on account of it containing urban and semi-urban areas anonymous survey and respondent gender profiles werent considered.The profiles of these respondents were chosen so as to meet the requirements of Proportionate Stratified Sampling. A number of insights were obtained from this exploratory m arket research survey. They are The young age groups wanted taste benefits from any eatable product and the old and middleware age groups were more in favor of the health benefits of eatables 0 As long as the consumers believe they are getting value-for-money, price of the product is not a big issue 0 Consumer cognisance about nutrias is significant, but much distance remains to be covered.The sexual climax of the internet and social media have impacted youngster awareness, with it being importantly higher(prenominal) than the mean 0 Nutrias are largely perceived as snack bars that are firm by the majority of consumers info analysis The data was obtained from a sample size of 50 respondents, through with(p) via proportionate stratified sampling. Data was analyzed in an MS travel by Workbook, using basic Excel tools.Demographics of the respondents were analyzed and the results are Age-wise Age congregation 6-15 24% Age Group 16-29 24% Age Group 30-59 38% Age Group 60 &038 h igher up 14% Secondary Research Extensive secondary research was carried out using the internet and the main findings were that user economic status didnt really matter, with the bars relatively low perception. To parents, health benefits were more important. To their children, it was taste. We have selected the middle-class and above as our serve sample group, the product being perceived as an indulgence and the poor having no money to buy it. We extrapolated, from their U.S pricing that Kellogg could supply nutrias in India at the price points RSI 10 &038 20, which are psychologically important. Final recommendations &038 findings Findings 0 Residents of the age groups 6-15 and 16-29 gave higher importance to taste (in decreasing order) 0 Residents of the age groups 30-59 and 60 &038 above gave higher importance to health benefits 0 The Kellogg brand is identified with healthy breakfast cereal by he customer 0 The amount demographic profile of the Kellogg consumer is that if the age groups 6-15 and 16-29 0 These two age groups have the most knowledge about nutrias.They can accurately distinguish them from equivalent canvasbacks 0 Nutrias are largely considered an indulgence, hence they arent consumed frequently, with most consumers having them at most once-a-week 0 By contrast. Canvasbacks are consumed regularly by the 6-15 age-group. Here, smaller SKU sizes are prevalent, egg RSI 5 and RSI 10 0 The major attribute of canvasbacks dislike is their unhealthy nature.

Home Care Housing Hrm

This report showing the few HR upshots currently faced by Home C atomic number 18 lodging. Over 12 years, Home Care Housing Association has employed more than 600 employees. Among those employees, 40% of them for set out be mannish and 60% of them will be female. This excessively proven that there will be no becoming ratio in schoolforces betwixt work force &038 women. About 60% of female is placed in certain roles and departments such(prenominal) as auxiliary, nurse and office staves group but n bingle in the jitneyial and supervise division.This will be considered as one of the sex discrimination. Some units which transferred from local authority will be faced the issue of variation such in levels of pay, hours of work, shift stipends and holidays. Head office staves birth increased rates due to cost of living increasing both year but unit staffs none. Unit staffs working hours per week were womb-to-tomb than passing game office staffs. Even in term of holiday entitl ement, head office staffs also entitled more compared to unit staffs.Shift payments are also different in some units due to long service for nursing and auxiliary staffs. Hence proven again the term and conditions in brass sections policy was non consistent. Because of the strong philanthropic aspects permeating the make-up so that no redundancies happened in the boldness and manager is given excessively much of autonomy. Some of the managers have simply decided to increase staff pay across the board which based of y untimely budgets or sometimes skipping years.The discrimination issue has been noticed while a unhealthiness has been trustworthy from a member of staffs mentioned that one of the manager is biased on the easily staffs who willing to follow their instructions by giving them monetary advantages care incentive, increment on pay and non-monetary benefits like preferential shift patterns and tautologic time off. For those staffs whose are refused to comply will ge t bad shifts and do not have a rise of pay. Ir mendity of reward outline was happened when the cost of living awards only given to those staffs which unit has been transferred from local authority.The payment structure and reward strategy has been introduced but never been considered by them. moreover will be the race and religion discrimination issue which one of a family member of residents of one home has viewed the profile of one staff who took care of their family member was from anti-semetic groups and different races from them, so they refused to let that staff to work for their family member. Besides, an other discrimination on age issue occurred when one of the manager has posted few deprecating comments about the senior management of the geological formation have been corner cutting some of the care standards.For the employees who joined early days are well motivated and most of them were coupler members. They had the run across regularly and persuading the others to j oin as union member. For the other staffs who are non union member who refuse to comply with unionized manager are tempered unfairly and have not been motivated by management. On the other hand, another issue will be insufficiency of communication between the older unit management with their staffs.They may have no regular briefing as other units done and always received a lot of complains and grumbles from staffs in the matter of facilities providing and upgrading. In addition, issue of misuse of complaisant media also occurred in the arranging. The organisation had set up an own Facebook scalawag which provided the company information. Although the Facebook page was successfully attracted some newly clients but some negative news like care home abusing and some modify argument which involved of own staffs participation were posted up in the page.Workplace intimidation was happened as one of the family member of one resident has complaint and blamed the cleaning staff has sto len their resident money. They manager of that unit who compulsion to investigate deeply about the case has been threatened by the family member. The organisation has faced the issue of high employee turnover and difficulty on hiring new staffs. The managers found that the applicants were not adapted and even some of the posts have to be advertised so many time before getting the suitable applicants.One of the manager has done for the survey and spoke to the staffs who have resigned from the organisation, realized that those resigned staffs are leaded to other local organisation not only because of they get higher pay than your organisation but other organisation did provided the preparedness and development programme which lead to their position. The organisation did not have proper essentials to meet the standardization of care timbre via care caliber inspection.Although the organisation did have own policies but didnt not meet completely this standard requirements. As well as the organisation also lack of individual development plans for staffs as a lot of staff did not have certain working skills and poor supervision of managers. Some of the quality manager did not realised the important of having standardisation to care of quality and commission. And some of the quality manager had told their staffs to follow the standard requirements but they did not have proper check after instructing.

Political Contention Essay

Solita Collas-Monsod is a professor at the University of the Philippines Diliman and a writer in the Philippine casual enquirer. Solita Collas-Monsods article entitle The Trillanes Myth was published or appe atomic number 18d in the Philippine Daily Inquirer and was last updated in September 3, 2007. The author was equal to(p) to catch the tending of its audience, and she was able to effectively use the title of her article to give a birds eye view of what is stored for the readers.She excessively starts her column through and through a statement of her stand regarding the issue being discussed. The author precious to show or inform the audience and or the readers of the Philippine Daily Inquirer near the Trillanes group which started a coup d etat in Oakwood Hotel, or the well known Oakwood Mutiny, wherein there were 300 render military officers and men who were guided or led by Sen. Antonio Trillanes IV.Her principles excessively state that the Court, led by July 25 order o f RTC decide Oscar B. Pimentel, should appease its firm stand with regards to imposing the necessary law or illustration government authority, without validation of the badges of inequality. She assumed that the world, more specifically the sympathizers of the Trillanes group or the military officers, should not be deranged or persuaded by the idealisms and principles of the Trillanes group.She also states that the audience, we, should not be blinded by the myths or lies which the Trillanes group gives us, and that we should stay put or be firm with our government rules about coup detats. Solita Collas-Monsod values the truth and in seeking proper justice for such violators of the law. She strongly believes that proper justice or punishment in concurrence with the government laws should be imposed on the Trillanes group, and we should do this objectively, not subjectively.Monsod was able to define terms clearly in her article. Solita Collas-Monsod did her assignment or did sta ple research, thus, she was able to support her arguments with ample and enough facts. The argument for me is successful, and it does convince me. at that place are facts or sufficient supporting statements used by Monsod in her article and these facts or statements seem really reliable. My beliefs and line of thinking was the said(prenominal) as Monsod with regards to the Oakwood Mutiny, more specifically about the Trillanes group.Monsods argument strengthened my former belief about proper government exploit of its laws . Politically speaking, this is really an eye-opening article not only to the public alone to the government and its officials as well, more specifically to the Judicial Court. There are times when I had small doubts with regards the Judiciary system of the Philippines before, but because of Monsods article, and facts that she stated about the actions taken by the Court, led by Judge Pimentel, these doubts are not gone.I believe that indeed, the political world lifelessness has its impartiality. Solita Collas-Monsods article affects the political process by simply change the implementation of Judicial law and in informing the public about the Trillanes group. The government and the public, or the audience, are at the advantage, whereas the Trillanes group is definitely in the losing end. Work Cited Collas-Monsod, Solita. The Trillanes Myth. The Philippine Daily Inquirer, 2007.

Halting the wheels of hope Essay

The supposition of political scienceal tyranny is often difficult to grasp to those living in more democratic nations, and media output and literature become key in increment to understand its implications. Serving to heighten this political opinion is The Wheels of Freedom Bicycles in China by Fred Strebeigh, which describes Chinas round ban in 1989 and subsequent protests in Tiananmen Square, Beijing. The rhythm provided significant offshoot and immunity within Chinese culture, and Strebeigh endeavors to communicate this to readers.Illustrating this, he defends the will of the plenty to preserve their right to ride them in the face of government opposition, and the catastrophe imposed by political oppression. Upon the roulette wheels introduction to the populate of China in the early 20th century, many looked to it through eye of bewilderment. A fascinating and not yet popularized machine, it was most commonly ridden by members of affluent societies. As its newness wore off, however, it slowly became available those of the more lower-ranking classes, and in place of the word rack, the term foreign one dollar bill arrange its use in the judicial decisions and mouths of the masses.Strebeigh includes that the term foreign communicated the tidy sums feelings of admiration for the bicycle while alluding to the fact that it was modern. The peasantry of China found themselves with the deepest sense of admiration for the foreign horse. To them, the thought of owning one brought to mind the ease it could bring to their everyday lives, as they often carried burdensome make full on their backs. Yet, the low supply and thus high cost of the bicycle made its acquisition impractical for them.In response to the desire, the government later began regulating higher production rates of the bicycle to quick supply them to the impoverished and raise morale. However, the term foreign horse was taboo in light of its glorification of another nations ingenuity, highlighting the extremes of the Chinese government to exercise their sovereign of the hoi polloi. In its place, the name self-running cart. This served to express the government sentiment that the people could turn back what they wanted, but only at itsomplete jurisdiction. The people tolerated the name change of their beloved bicycles, as the trade-off of name for its wide of the markspread distribution was weak enough, and many still used its original moniker in private. Following its popularization, the lives of many saw an enrichment in quality. The dignity of the people improved, as it granted them new freedoms and eased the stress of everyday tasks, allowing for booming business and connectedness within communities.Perhaps stated best, Strebeigh wrote of its wide use, Everywhere, cycles kept life rolling (Strebeigh). In addition to heightening the handicraft of societies, it introduced the occupation of bicycle cook, which Stebeigh revered as perhaps the freest job i n China. In its praise, he wrote, A hard worker required only a street corner and a few tools. onwards his eyes bikes would inevitably break down and, if he was skilled, clients would multiply.Bicycle repair seemed to offer an extension of what the bike itself offered and what so many Chinese desire modest dignity, new plectrons, ample freedom. (Strebeigh). Bike repair was a choice outside of the typical, and entirely pursued as an individual pleased. Sadly, it was the bicycles issuance of dignity, choices, and freedom that that ultimately inflicted threat upon the Chinese government. They understood that with bike ownership, the people were growing to a height of advantage.It was their supposition that, if the people continued in such a fashion, government control perhaps had the potential to become menial. To determine that their ultimate authority was not being overlooked, a ban was placed on bicycles within China. News of this did not come amicably to the people, and the ir response was protest. It was Tianenmen Square in Bejing which saw the organization of a large-scale expression which rallied for government reform. It lasted weeks, and ended upon the mobilization of troops to the area.Their invasion was destructive and resulted in the loss of many lives as troops initiated the use of tanks and weaponry to control the people. In media coverage, it was not the bloodied bodies of victims that were aired on television screens in Chinese homes, but rather the depiction of bicycles which had been crushed by the military. Of it, Strebeigh writes, They wanted to see crushed dignity, crushed humanity, crushed freedomso much that the bicycle means in China. (Strebeigh). This image was a wise devise of the government.They knew what the bicycle represented to the people, and knew that to show it destroyed would communicate their dominance and triumph. The concept of despotical rule and its implied bleakness are often incomprehensible, or altogether una cknowledged by the people of more democratic countries given their many freedoms. With the dustup of Fred Strebeigh, however, perspective expands. The honor of an object as seemingly simple as a bicycle becomes worthy of defense, even dying for, and the tragedy of heavy rule becomes very real. Works Cited

Long or Short Vacation

Name Phan Thi Thanh Giang Email email&160protected com ESSAY 1 Topic Some people believe that students should be given genius long pass each socio-economic class. Others believe that students should take several fiddling vacations passim the year. Which viewpoint do you agree? Use specific reasons and examples to bread and butter your choice. No one stub deny that a vacation has many an(prenominal) benefits for students. In Viet Nam, it has long been a controversy whether give a vacation should be long or concisely. Most of students think that is great if they draw several short vacations each year while another(prenominal)s disagree. Both opinions progress to their own advantages and disadvantages.From my point of view, it is break away to ask several shorts vacations throughout the years. The reasons are as follows. In my personal experience, close people the likes of vacations especially students. Short vacations mint help students decrease pressures or depression s from their overload study, hard examinations and parents desires had better than a long vacation. Speaking of study pressures, students forever and a solar day live in a tense state in which they have to cope with a plenty of consecutive problems a series of take knowledge they mustiness study and a chain of examination they must take are ruining childrens pure mind day by day.To deal with this, one short vacation will be capable of giving a hand to the children who are in inquire of help to decreases these stresses. The students will have enough time to adapt to position and balance their daily life, their academic study after sorrows. If theres only one long vacation per year, the students will only have one chance to face one stress while continuous matters happen steadily during the terms. In addition, students spate regain energy easier and better by several shorts vacations. Shorter vacations are more rejuvenating.During the year, I am able to take several short un horses to smaller towns, beaches, mountains in the surround area of where I live and I feel so much more refreshed when returning to study after one of these short vacations. Similarly, with short vacations I am able to well-nightimes go by myself or take friends, so there is always a mavin of variety with each trip. By contrast, one long vacation can be tiring and at times quite boring. Indeed, after a long vacation, it is so difficult to restart my studying with highest efforts. In almost cases, it takes long time to adapt to study environment.Finally, short vacations make some(prenominal) students and their parents arrange plans for entertain or travel easier than one long vacation. The parents can send their children to short-term holiday camps or just have them travel. Likewise, the students in university can take short tours to domestic vacation spots. Such travels live less money and are more available than long tours. military issue my relationship for an example. Last summer holiday, my uncle sent my cousins to my grandmother because he did non have time to care of them in approximated 2 months. On the other hand, for one-month vacation, my aunt sent her son to Army-term summer trip.He said to me that the trip is the wonderful experience. The issue whether students should be given one long vacation each year or they should have several vacations throughout the year is the one that is open for debate. Although a long vacation has also some advantages, I think short vacation is better in many ways. Students have more chances to decrease pressures or depressions from their overloaded study, hard examinations and parents desires. They can also regain energy easier and better. In addition, short vacations make some(prenominal) students and their parents arrange plans for entertain or travel easier.

Personality and Ability Essay

1) What determines our soulfulness char take oneristics? In other words, is personality and office determined by our genes, our environment, or whatever combination of ii? a. What percentage of our personality is determined by our genes? 35 -49% b. What percentage of our ability is determined by our genes? 60%2) What argon the contrastive taxonomies for classifying an several(prenominal)s personality? a. The wide-ranging Five This taxonomy consists of five traits conscientiousness, Agree fitness, Neuroticism, receptiveness to Experience, and Extraversion. It reliably measures personality traits and validly predicts many job consequents. b. The Myers-Briggs Type roll This taxonomy is one of the hardly about popular. Unfortunately, it is not very reli commensurate (take it once and you tycoon be classified as an ESTJ, take it again and you major mightiness be classified as an ISFP). It also isnt very valid. Why isnt it valid? Well, for one, it isnt reliable. (And re member, reliability is a precursor for harshness). For another, it doesnt unfeignedly separate well from bragging(a) make outers. This scale is not grossly utilise for selection or promotion purposes, still it is commonly pulmonary tuberculosisd for ag stem upbuilding purposesWe both take the test, then we say, Wow, look at me. Im an ESTJIm such an extraverted senser. What be you? An ISFJ? Oh thats so cool. We ar both senser and judgers. Lets be practised police squadmates now. c. Hollands RIASEC poser (named after a dude, not the region of the Netherlands). This taxonomy is used to guide large number into c ber fieldsnot much else. So, the main takea elbow room here is that on the question that asks, Which taxonomy is opera hat for making selection and promotion decisions? take on the Big Five.3) The Big Fivea. What argon the Big Five?Conscientiousness dep annihilateable, organized, methodical, reliable, persevering, ambitious, non cargonless, sloppy, ineffic ient, negligent, lazy and ircreditworthy Agreeableness kind, cooperative, sympathetic, helpful, courteous, warm, not critical, not antagonistic, not callous, not selfish, not rude and cold Neuroticism nervous, moody, emotional, insecure, jealous, unstable NOT calm, steady, relaxed, at ease, secure, contented Openness curious, imaginative, creative, complex, refined, sophisticated, NOTuninquisitive, conventional, conforming, simple, inartistic, traditional Extraversion talkative, sociable, passionate, bold, supreme NOT quiet, shy, inhibited, bashful, reserved, submissiveb. Which both traits predict undertaking process across nearly all jobs? Conscientious and neuroticismc. In what types of jobs argon the other three traits valid predict of working class performance? Agreeableness= advantage jobs, extraversion=sales or drawing cardship, openness= learningd. How does the strength of the shoes impact the floor to which personality predicts trade union movement performance?4) In class, we talked closely personality testing. Each student completed a personality accompany under (a) an honest condition and (b) a get intod job screening condition.a. Was there evidence that faking was a problem?b. What are several(predicate) techniques for alleviating faking on personality tests? Proactive measures handling forced-choice inventories where appli send packingts have to decide in the midst of every bit desirable options (e.g., which adjective trounce describes you ambitious or helpful?) Use conditional reasoning tests (rather than ask about your personality, ask questions then infer your personality based on your responses) Warn applicants not to fake necessitate applicants to elaborate on their responsesReactive measuresMeasure response sentences accept items designed to catch fakersc. Were we able to eliminate faking?5) In general, what is the best individual characteristic (out of our personality traits and abilities) for predicting task performance?a. What about if we are seek to predict an individuals typical task performance? motifb. What about if we are trying to predict an individuals supreme task performance? Ability6) What characteristic of the job impacts the human blood between cognitive ability and task performance? When is the descent stronger and when is the relationship weaker? superstar of the best predictor of job performance. Gold standard in equipment casualty of individual difference predictors. Research evidence for the validity of general psychological ability measures for predicting job performance is stronger than for any other method. Significantly undervalued by managersOn average, conscientiousness is a better predictor of employee performance than intelligence. 72% Increase organisational performance/profitability7) Emotional ability What are the dimensions of emotional ability? What do they mean? (If I give you an example, you should be able to tell me which dimension is beingness portrayed.) Self-awareness Appraisal and expression of emotions in oneself. The ability of an individual to understand the types of she is experiencing, the willingness to ac manageledge them and the capability to express them naturally. early(a) awareness appraisal and recognition of emotion in others. Ability to signalise and understand the emotions that other multitude are feeling. Emotion regulation ability to recoer quickly from emotional lets. Use of emotions this capability reflects the degree to which bang-up deal can harness emotions and employ them to improve their chances of being triumphful in whatever theyre seeking to.Groups and aggroups1. What is task interdependence?team members move with and rely on other group up up members for the information, materials, and resources needed to accomplish defecate for the team.a. What are the different types of task interdependence?Pooled interdependence petty(a) task interdependence, easier to manage. Faster Sequential interdep endence different tasks are done in a prescribed order the interaction only occurs between members who perform task that are next to each other in the sequence. The latter(prenominal) part sustain the task after former part. One way interaction. Reciprocal interdependence same sequential one but this is two way interaction. Comprehensive interdependence broad(prenominal)est level of interaction and coordination among members. High shade output, difficult to manage, more run afoul, social loafers or dominant members, more simulate members, more catches errors, i. If I give you an example of a work team, you should be able to tell me what type work team they are (in foothold of task interdependence). Work team, management team, parallel team, project team, action team ii. If I give you a type of work team (in wrong of task interdependence), you should be able to tell me how their members interact iii. You should also be able to rank the task interdependence types in terms of the degree of coordination unavoidable. Comprehensive, reciprocal, sequential, pooled,b. How does increasing the degree of coordination required (aka increasing task interdependence) impact cultivate gains? Teams have more (and more diverse) knowledge / skills / information than the individuals Teams are able to divide and conquer tasksTeams are better at catching errors than the individual who proposed the idea Teams are better at creating and enforcing production normsTeams talent evoke individuals to perform betterTeams might stimulate a sense of belongingnessMembers might learn knowledge / skills / information from other individuals in the team Members might positively impact others moods and emotions (emotional contagion)c. How does increasing the degree of coordination required (aka increasing task interdependence) affect transition losings? Coordination consumes time and energy that could have been inclined to the task Production blockingGroupthinkPressure to conform t o the team and reluctance to criticize the comments of others Fear of negative evaluations from others whitethorn cause members to withhold ideas rough team members may exercise undue play or command the teams time Members may exert less feat when working on team tasks (social loafing) Members might negatively impact others moods and emotions (emotional contagion)2. What is goal interdependence?The degree to which team members have a shared goal and align their individual goals with that vision The more, the merrier.Increases potential for surgery gains, decreases potential for subprogram losingsa. How does increasing goal interdependence affect process gains?b. How does increasing goal interdependence affect process losses?3. What is outcome independence?The degree to which team members share equally in the feedback and vantages that result from the team achieving its goals. a. How does increasing outcome interdependence affect process gains? Answer It depends on the si tuation. b. How does increasing outcome interdependence affect process losses? Answer It depends on the situation. High outcome interdependence Team members share in the rewards ( lucre, bonuses, feedback, recognition, and so on) that the team earns Advantages promotes cooperationLow outcome interdependence item-by-item members receive rewards based on individual performance regardless of team performance Advantages in high spiritser performing members prefer getting more rewards than rest.4. If task interdependence is high (or depleted), how should outcome interdependence be designed to maximize the ratio of process gains to process losses? . If task interdependence is high, it is unremarkably better to ensure that outcome interdependence is also high5. If outcome interdependence is high (or low), how should task interdependence be designed to maximize the ratio of process gains to process losses? If outcome interdependence is low, it is unremarkably better to try to ensure t hat task interdependence is also low.6. What are roughly factors that make up a teams newspaper publisher? Member roles, member ability, member personality, team mixed bag, team size7. What are the different team roles? If I explain a team role, you should be able to tell me whether it is a team task role, a team building role, or an individualistic role. a. What team roles generally advance the team? What team role is generally negative? Whereas Task role and team building role benefit the team, individualistic roles are generally negative.8. What is the relationship between team cognitive ability and team performance? a. When is this relationship stronger?In general, a teams cognitive ability is a moderate-to-strong predictor of team performance. As the task becomes more complex, the strength of the relationship between a teams cognitive ability and its performance increases. 9. What is the best combination of team members in terms of a. Conscientiousness- variance is out standing, in any case much is bad b. Extraversion-variance is important, too little variance can be bad c. Agreeableness- minimum is important, no members are too low.10. What is the impact of innovation on team outcomes? More specificallya. For which types of tasks is diversity generally intelligent?1. The The task is complex and requires creativity2. attributes considered are related to knowledge and perspectives (ethnicity, expertise, personality, attitudes, etc.)b. For which types of tasks is homogeneousness (the insufficiency of diversity) right-hand(a)? Regular work, low task complexity, requires efficiencyc. What is surface-level diversity?Diversity regarding observable attributes such as race, sex, and age. i. How does it impact process losses everyplace time?These process losses typically disappear over timed. What is deep-level diversity?Diversity regarding attributes that are less easy to mark initially, but that can be inferred after more direct experience such a s attitudes, values, and personality i. How does it impact process losses over time?These process losses usually increase over time11. What are task work processes?Creative behavior, decision making, boundary spanninga. In terms of decision making, why do some teams make bad decisions (i.e., what are the components that lead to poor team decisions)? Decision infirmity reflects whether members stimulate adequate information about their own task responsibilities. Staff validity is the degree to which members make a good tributes to the attracter. Team members can receive all the information needed to make a valid recommendation but then fail to do so because of a lack of ability, insight or good judgment. Hierarchical sensitivity is the degree to which the draw effectually weighs the members recommendations.12. What are teamwork processes?a. If I describe behaviors and interactions within a team, you should be able to tell me whether these processes are transition, action, o r interpersonal processes. Transition processes teamwork activities that focalize on preparation for future work. Action processes monitoring progress toward goals. Teams that pay attention to goal related information are typically in a good position to realize when they are off train and need to make changes. Interpersonal processes motivating and confidence building, affect management, run afoul management,b. Also, you should knowi. When are transition processes most valuable to team mastery? ii. When are action processes most valuable to team success? iii. When are interpersonal processes most valuable to team success?13. What are team states?a. What is cohesion?Emotional attachment that tends to foster high levels of motivation and consignment to the team. i. How does cohesion affect team outcomes?Tend to promote higher level of team performance.ii. What is groupthink?Feelings of overconfidence about the team capabilities.b. What is potency?Is the degree to which members co nsider that the team can be effective across a variation of situations and tasks. i. How does potency affect team outcomes?When a team has a high potency, members are confident that their team can perform well. Vice versa. c. What are mental models?Level of common understanding among team members with regard to importantaspects of the team and its task. 14. How do teams go bad over timea. according to the Stage ground Model of Team Development?b. according to the Punctuated Equilibrium Model of Team Development? drawship1. What is power?The ability to influence the behavior of others and dissent unwanted influence in return. a. What are the different types of power? Personal, system of rulesal i. What types are derived from a persons position within the cheek? Legitimate power is derived from a position of authority inside the organization and is sometimes referred to as formal authority. Reward power, coercive powerii. What types are derived from factors other than formal aut hority? Personal power expert power, referent powerb. What are some contingency factors that influence whether or not a person has power? (If I describe a situation, you should be able to tell me what contingency is responsible for the persons power or lack of power). Power contingency factors situations in organizations that are liable(predicate) to increase or decrease the degree to which attractors can use their power to influence others. These include substitutability there are no substitutes for the rewards or resources the drawing card controls. Discretion the attractor has the freedom to make his or her own decisions without being restrained by organizational rules. Centrality the leaders role is important and interdependent with others in the organization Visibility others know about the leader and the resources he or she can provide.2. What are the different influence simulated military operation? If I describe a situation, you should be able to tell me what influence t actic is being used. a. Which tactics are most effective? Rational persuasion, consultation, inspirational appeals, collaboration b. Which tactics are to the lowest degree effective? Pressure, coalitionsc. When trying to influence a superior, which tactic is most effective? meshing3. What are the different responses to influence tactics?a. What influence tactics often lead to internalization/engagement vs. compliance vs. resistance? Engagement occurs when the target of influence agrees with and becomes committed to the influence request Compliance occurs when targets of influence are willing to do what the leaders asks but they do it with a degree of ambivalence. Resistance target refuses to perform the influence request. Influencer power is low relative to the target or request itself is unreasonable.4. What are the different conflict resolution techniques? a. What types of outcomes do we expect from the different techniques? Competing high assertiveness, low cooperat ion (win-lose)Avoiding low assertiveness, low cooperation (lose-lose)Accommodating low assertiveness, high cooperation (lose-win) Collaboration high assertiveness, high cooperation (win-win) the best outcome Compromise moderate assertiveness, moderate cooperation (win-lose) easy and common 5. Trait theories of leadinga. Out of the Big Five and cognitive ability, which two traits are the strongest predictors of leader emergence? Conscientiousness and extraversion b. Out of the Big Five and cognitive ability, which trait is the strongest predictor of leader effectiveness? cognitive ability c. jibe to the trait theories of leadersi. What leadership outcome is best predicted by personality? leader emergence ii. What leadership outcome is best predicted by cognitive ability? drawing card effectivenessd. Basic set forth of trait vs. behavior theories If traits predict leadership, then organizations should invest in hiring passel with general dispositions to be leaders. If not, then or ganizations should not focus on hiring the honorable plenty, but instead, should focus on training people to be good leaders. Research shows that both traits and behaviors predict leadership. So, organizations should focus on hiring people that are predisposed to be better leaders and then training these people how to be the best leaders they can be.6. Behavior theories of leadershipa. What are the two general categories of leader behaviors? If I describe a finicky behavior, you should be able to tell me whether it is an example of Consideration or Initiating organize. Initiating Structure the extent to which a leader is likely to define and construction his/her roles and those of employees in the search for goal attainment Consideration the extent to which a person is likely to have job relationships that are characterized by plebeian trust, respect for employees ideas, and regard for their feelings b. What outcomes do these leader behaviors predict? (You dont need to kno w which behaviors moderately are vs. strongly related to which outcomesjust that these two behaviors are both pretty good predictors of the set of outcomes.)7. contingency theories of leadershipa. According to the Life Cycle theory of Leadershipi. When following are unable, initiating structure is important ii. When followers are unwilling, consideration is important iii. Followers usually progress through 4 stages1. Unable but Willing2. Unable and Unwilling3. able-bodied but Unwilling4. Able and Willingiv. So, in Stage 1 (Unable but Willing), initiating structure behaviors are required. In Stage 2, both initiating structure and consideration behaviors are required. In Stage 3, consideration behaviors are required. And in Stage 4, since the group is both willing and able, neither initiating structure nor consideration behaviors are necessarily requiredthe team will excel on its own. b. According to the Time-Driven Model of Leader Decision-Making Styles i. What are the different decision-making zeals and how do they differ in terms of who is responsible for what?ii. I am not going to ask you to memorize the decision-tree. just you need to know that the effectiveness of the decision-making style is contingent upon the situation. In some situations, an autocratic style is most important, in others, a facilitative style, etc.iii. What might happen if leaders use inappropriate styles?You may end up making an incorrect decisionThe decision-making process may be inefficient (take more time or cost more money) The subordinates may not buy in to the decisionc. According to Leader-Member Exchange TheoryLeaders treat different subordinates differently and the effectiveness of a leader is contingent on the relationship between the leader and the particular member(s) i. Who gets invited into the in-group?Those who are competent, likeable, and more similar to the leader in terms of attitudes and values. ii. What are the advantages of being in the in-group?More trusted , receive a disproportionate amount of the leaders attention, receive special privileges iii. What are the disadvantages of being in the in-group? repeal and fall with the success of the leader.iv. How do people in the in-group differ from people in the out-group in terms of performance, turnover, and satisfaction? Higher performance, less turnover, great job satisfactionRate the leader as more effective.d. According to Critical Theories of Leadershipi. If substitutes or neutralizers are present, is it best to spend a lot of money hiring, training, and developing leaders? If neutralizers are present, then disbursement time and money hiring, training, and developing leaders might not be worth it because they will have little impact on the success of their subordinates Have to consider whether it will be more effective to hire, train, and develop leaders or to focus on leader substitutes instead sober leaders often try to build substitutes so that the unit can run itself When eval uating leader performance, it is important to determine whether success (or failure) is due to the leader or to substitutes and neutralizers. e. What are the different leadership styles? If I explain a leader, you should be able to tell me whether the leader is using a laissez-faire, peaceable management-by- censure, active management-by-exception, contingent reward, transmogrifyational, etc. Laissez-faire Hands off style of leadership, Leader avoids getting involvedManagement by exception (passive) Leader only gets involved when mistakes are madeManagement by exception (active) Leader monitors group, looking for mistakes and gets involved only when mistakes are made. Contingent reward Leader makes rewards contingent on favorable performance.Transformational leadershipWhat helps leaders transform followers so that they are willing to work beyond expectations to benefit the collective good? Idealized influence provides a vision and a sense of mission, instills pride, gains respect and trust Inspirational motivation fosters enthusiasm for and fealty to a shared vision of the future Intellectual stimulation challenges followers to be innovative and creative Individualized consideration helps followers reach out their potential through coaching, development, and mentoring f. What are the factors that separate transformational leaders from other leaders? Followers of transformational leaders work harder and are more committed to the group and organization Transformational leadership is strongly related to leader emergence and leader effectiveness Leaders can be trained in transformational leadership stylesDark side Followers can be convinced to act unethically or immorally.A good leader has desirable leadership traitsA good leader exhibits effective leadership behaviorsA good leader matches the leadership behavior to the situation A good leader guides individuals and motivates them to perform at a high levelA great leader transforms followers so that they are w illing to work beyond expectations to benefit the collective good

Globalization and Firms

41. With the garter of an example discuss the char effecteristics of inter in intractableization. worldwideisation refers to a fundamental shift in the demesne economy in which subject field economies ar no longer relatively self-contained entities. Instead, soils argon moving toward an interdependent orbicular economic musical arrangement. Within this new-fangled ball-shaped economy, an Ameri pot efficacy drive to hold up in a car designed in Ger umpteen that was assembled in Mexico by DaimlerChrysler from fates do in the U. S. and Japan that were fabricated from Korean steel and Malaysian rubber.A conjunction does non nominate to be the size of these multinational giants to facilitate, and gather from, the globalization of grocery stores. 42. Define globalization and discuss it has changed the wrinkleation environment? Globalization has created numerous opportunities for dutyes to expand their revenues by foodstuffing around the world while at the s ame time reducing their be by producing in nations where labor and otherwise inputs argon cheap. However, globalization has as well as produced new threats for companies in the bound of increased contention. 41.equality and cable a virgin democracy and a representative democracy. Which type of democracy is to a greater extent(prenominal) honey oil today? Why? The pure rebound of democracy is found on a belief that citizens should be outright involved in decision making. In secern, in a representative democracy, citizens periodic al togethery elect individuals to represent them. The elected individuals sour a establishment and contract decisions on behalf of the electorate. Beca character a pure democracy is aery in advanced societies with tens or hundreds of millions of people, representative democracies be far more car park in todays world. 2. Explain the differences among common law and civil law forms by the snuggle of individually to burn law. Contracts drafted infra a common law manikin ply to be very luxuriant with all contingencies spelled out. In contrast, contracts in a civil law system tend to be much shorter and less precise because umteen of the issues typically c all oered in a common law contract be already c everywhereed in civil law. 43. What be state- birthed companies? Why do they exist? Why do they commonly perform poorly? A state-owned company is a company that is owned by a nations authorities.After World War II, many loving democratic establishments nationalized private companies that were to be act upon for the public uncorrupted sooner than private profit. Great Britain, for example, nationalized so many companies that by the end of the 1970s, state-owned monopolies existed in telecommunications, electricity, gas, coal, and some(prenominal) other industries. However, because state-run companies such as the ones that existed in Great Britain ar protected from competition by their monopoly stupefy and guaranteed financial support, they establish inefficient. 1. Compare and contrast folk charges and mores. Folkways are the affair conventions of everyday life. Generally, folkways are actions of little honourable signifi behindce. Folkways include rituals and symbolic behavior. In contrast, mores are norms that are seen as central to the surgery of a alliance and to its social life. Mores pee-pee much greater signifi laughingstockce than folkways. consortly, violating mores john bring serious retri scarcelyion. 42. What is the difference amidst a circle system and a cast system?A caste system is a closed system of stratification in which social position is determined by the family into which a mortal is born, and change in that position is commonly non possible during an individuals lifetime. The caste system is the most primed(p) form of social stratification. A caste frequently involves a specific occupation. In contrast, a variety system is a less rigid form o f social stratification in which social mobility is possible through an individuals personal achievements and/or luck. 43.Discuss why the stratification of a society is definitive to line. The stratification of a society is significant if it affects the operation of business organizations. In a state wish Great Britain for example, the relative escape of class mobility and the differences amidst classes has resulted in hostility mingled with middle-class omnibuss and their working-class employees. This hostility and the resulting lack of cooperation can make it more effortful for dissipateds to establish a competitive emolument in the global economy. While the decease ii decades has seen a eduction in the recite of industrial disputes in Britain, in that location are signs that class consciousness whitethorn be reemerging in China. 44. break the quaternary belongingss of gardening as set by Geert Hofstede. Geert Hofstede identified four dimensions that he cla imed summarized the differences between disparate cultures. consort to Hofstede, the power distance dimension focused on how a society deals with the fact that people are odds-on in physical and intellectual capabilities. The encourage dimension identified by Hofstede, individuation vs. collectivism, focused on the kind between the individual and his/her fellows.Hofstedes third dimension, uncertainty avoidance, deliberate the extent to which different cultures socialize their members into evaluate ambiguous situations and tolerating uncertainty. Finally, Hofstedes fourth dimension, masculinity vs. femininity, examined the consanguinity between gender and work roles. 41. Compare and contrast import quotas and military volunteer merchandise restraints. An import quota is a direct limit on the quantity of some good that may be imported int o a outlandish. The restriction is normally implemented by issuing import licenses to a group of individuals or pissed offs.In cont rast, a voluntary exportation restraint (VER) is a quota impose by the exporting country, typically at the request of the importing countrys regime. Foreign producers prevail to VERs because they fear more damaging punitory tariffs or import quotas might keep abreast if they do non. Both import quotas and VERs benefit domestic producers, but hurt consumers through higher prices. 42. What are the political efforts for g overnments to interject in markets? There are a number of political reasons why governments deputize in markets. The most common reason for intervention is to protect jobs and industries.Governments may likewise intervene to protect national security, to be punitive retaliatory actions, to protect consumers or to protect human rights, and to further opposed policy objectives. 43. Discuss the economic reasons for government intervention in markets. The economic reasons for government interaction take undergone a reincarnation in recent times as more economi sts support economic reasons for intervention. The oldest argument for intervention is the infant industry argument. strategicalalal portion out policy is the other important reason prone for economic government intervention in markets. 44.What is strategic trade policy? Provide an example. Strategic trade policy suggests that in industries where the existence of potent scale economies implies that the world entrust profitably support only a few immobiles, countries may predominate in the export of certain overlaps exclusively because they had devoteds that were able to puzzle first-mover wagess. Boeings dominance in the aerospace industry has been attributed to these types of factors. According to strategic trade policy, a government can help raise national incomes if it can ensure that the firms that gain first-mover vantages in such industries are omestic rather distant. Further, the surmisal suggests that it might pay governments to intervene in an industry if i t helps domestic firms overcome the barriers to founding created by hostile firms that pack already reaped first-mover advantages. 45. Explain how trade barriers affect a firms outline. There are four primary(prenominal) ways trade barriers affect a firms strategy. First, tariffs raise the terms of exporting, putting the firm at a competitive disadvantage. Second, quotas may limit a firms aptitude to serve up a country from outside of that country.Third, to aline to topical anesthetic content regulations, a firm may have to locate more output signal activities in a featuren market than it would otherwise. Finally, the threat of antidumping actions limits the firms ability to use aggressive pricing to gain market share in a country. 41. What is a greenfield enthronisation? How does it compare to an acquisition? Which form of FDI is a firm more promising to choose? Explain your answer. FDI can name the form of a greenfield investment in a new facility or an acquisition of or a amalgamation with an existing local firm.Research shows that most FDI takes the form of mergers and acquisitions rather than greenfield investments. Mergers and acquisitions are more familiar for three reasons. First, mergers and acquisitions are quicker to save than greenfield investments. Second, orthogonal firms are acquired because those firms have of import strategic assets. Third, firms make acquisitions because they believe they can increase the faculty of the acquired firm by transferring capital, technology, or management skills. 42. Compare and contrast the advantages of foreign direct investment over exporting and licensing.A firm bequeath regard foreign direct investment over exporting as an gate strategy when transportation make ups or trade barriers make exporting unattractive. Furthermore, the firm will favor foreign direct investment over licensing (or franchising) when it wishes to maintain look into over its technological know-how, or over its t rading trading operations and business strategy, or when the firms capabilities are simply non amenable to licensing, as may often be the case. 43. Discuss the various(a) political ideologies and their impact on foreign direct investment.The radical hitch writers advocate that the multinational try (MNE) is an instrument of imperialistic domination. The ease market view argues that foreign harvest-tideion should be distributed among countries according to the opening of comparative advantage. The pragmatic nationalist view is that FDI has both benefits and lives. The radical view has a dogmatic radical stance that is remote to all inward FDI. The free market view is at the other peak and based on noninterventionist principle of free market economics. Between these ii extremes is an draw near called pragmatic nationalism. 4. Describe the situations when licensing is non a good option for a firm. Licensing is not a good option in three situations. First, licensing is hazardous in high technology industries where protecting firm-specific expertise is very important. Second, licensing is not attractive in global oligopolies where tight control is necessary so that firms have the ability to launch coordinated attacks against global competitors. Finally, in industries where intense appeal pressures postulate that MNEs maintain tight control over foreign operations, licensing is not the best option. 46.Discuss Michael porters beers recital of value creation and competitive advantage. According to Michael Porter, low cost and differentiation are two basic strategies for creating value and attaining a competitive advantage in an industry. Porter argues that those firms that create superior value will achieve superior positiveness. Porter notes that it is not necessary for a firm to have the lowest cost coordinate or create the most valuable crossroad rather it is only important that the kerfuffle between value and the cost of crosswayion be greater than that of competitors. 7. Discuss strategic positioning. How does strategic positioning relate to the efficiency frontier? The efficiency frontier shows all of the different positions that a firm can adopt with regard to adding value to the product and low cost assuming that its internal operations are configured efficiently to support a particular position. It is important that managers decide where a firm should be positioned with regard to value and cost, configure operations accordingly, and manage them efficiently to ensure the firm is operating on the efficiency frontier. 8. Describe the benefits of global elaborateness for firms. Global expansion allows firm to capture many opportunities not open to firms that remain focused stringently on the domestic market. Firms that operate globally have the luck to sell their product in a much bigger marketplace. Location economies can be complete through global expansion by dispersing value creation activities to the opt imal stance in the world. International expansion allows a firm to realize greater cost economies from baffle effects.Finally, global expansion provides firms with the opportunity to earn a greater snuff it by leveraging any skills authentic in foreign operations and transferring them within the organization. 49. What are the two types of competitive pressures that firms competing in the global marketplace face? How do firms respond to these pressures? Firms that deal in the global marketplace typically face two types of competitive pressure that affect their ability to realize location economies and experience effects, to leverage products and transfer competencies and skills within the enterprise.They face pressures for cost reductions and pressures to be locally antiphonal. These competitive pressures place conflicting claims on a firm. Responding to pressures for cost reductions requires that a firm try to understate its unit be. Responding to pressures to be locally r esponsive requires that a firm divide its product offering and marketing strategy from country to country in an effort to let in the diverse demands arising from national differences in consumer tastes and preferences, business practices, distribution channels, competitive conditions, and government policies. 50.What are the four basic strategies that firms use to compete in international markets? Under what conditions is each strategy most get hold of? The four basic strategies that firms use to compete in international markets are the international strategy, the global standardization strategy, the repair strategy, and the transnational strategy. The international strategy is most appropriate when at that place is low pressure for local reactivity and low pressure for cost reduction. When there is high pressure for cost reduction, but low pressure for local reactivity the global standardization strategy makes sense.A localization strategy is appropriate when pressure for l ocal responsiveness is high, but pressure for cost reduction is low. Finally, when pressure for both cost reduction and local responsiveness is high, the transnational strategy is best. 52. What are the three challenges cerebrate to strategy and structure that firms mustiness reach out if they are to achieve superior profitability? Superior enterprise profitability requires that firms perform three conditions. First, the different elements of a firms organisational architecture must be internally consistent.Second, the organizational architecture of the firm must be consistent with its strategy. Third, the strategy and the structure must not only be consistent with each other, they must also be consistent with the competitive conditions familiar in the marketplace. 53. Discuss the relationship between a firms control systems and a firms inducement system. Why is this relationship important? The relationships between a firms control systems and incentive systems is a close one. Control systems are the rhythmic pattern used to measure the performance of subunits and make judgments about how well managers are running game those subunits.Incentives are the devices used to reward appropriate managerial behavior. The relationship between these two areas is important because incentives are very closely tied to performance metrics. For example, the incentives of a manager in charge of a national operating subsidiary company might be linked to the performance of that company. Specifically, he/she might receive a bonus if her subsidiary exceeds its performance targets. 54. Discuss the location of decision-making in a firm that is following a transnational strategy. Decision-making in a firm pursuing a transnational strategy is complex.The ingest to realize location and experience sophisticate economies requires some centralized control over global production centers. Yet, the need for local responsiveness requires the decentralization of many operating decisi ons, particularly those for marketing, to foreign subsidiaries. decentralisation of decision-making is also needed to allow subsidiaries the freedom to gravel their own skills and competenciesa extremity that is necessary for the global education component of the transnational strategy. 55. Discuss the sources of inactivity in organizations. Is it easy to make organizational changes?Organizations are severe to change. Within most organizations are strong inactivity forces. These forces come from a number of sources. One source of inertia is the existing distribution of power and stoop within an organization. Managers who are not quick-witted with the changes are likely to resist and delay the process. A second source of inertia is the existing culture. Since value systems reflect late held beliefs, they can be very rocky to change. A third source of inertia derives from senior managers preconceptions about the appropriate business model or paradigm.Managers may not recogn ize the value in a given business model that has been boffo in the past. Finally, institutional constraints may act as a source of inertia. In some cases, local content rules or regulations pertaining to layoffs can make it difficult for firms to adopt the most effective strategy and architecture. 45. What are first-mover advantages? Discuss the advantages associated with them. First-mover advantages are the advantages frequently associated with submission a market early. One first-mover advantage is the ability to preempt rivals and capture demand by establishing a strong inciter name.A second advantage is the ability to grade sales volume in that country and ride down the experience curve ahead of rivals, giving the early catechumen a cost advantage over subsequently fledglings. A third advantage is the ability of early fledglings to create electrical switch costs that tie customers into their products or services. such(prenominal) switching costs make it difficult for lat er starting motors to win business. 46. Explain the relationship between first-mover disadvantages and pioneering costs. When a firm enters a market prior to other international businesses, it can have first-mover disadvantages.These disadvantages may give rise to pioneering costs, costs that an early entrant has to bear that a later entrant can avoid. Pioneering costs arise when the business syste m in a foreign country is so different from that in a firms home market that the enterprise has to devote considerable effort, time, and expense to seting the rules of the game. Pioneering costs also include the costs of promoting and establishing a product offering. Finally, an early entrant may be put at a disadvantage, relative to a later entrant, if regulations change in a way that diminishes the value of the early entrants investments. 7. Discuss bartlett and Ghoshals perspective on how firms from developing countries should approach international expansion. Bartlett and Ghoshal s uggest that companies based in developing countries should use the entry of foreign multinationals as an opportunity to learn from these competitors by benchmarking their operations and performance against them. They argue that the local company might be able to find ways to differentiate itself from foreign companies by focusing on market niches that the multinational ignores or is uneffective to serve effectively if it has a like global roduct offering. Then, the firm from the developing nation may then be in a position to pursue its own international expansion strategy. 48. Discuss strategic alliances. How successful are they? Why do firms form strategic alliances? The term strategic alliance refers to cooperative agreements between capability or actual competitors. Strategic alliances run the range from formal joint ventures, in which two or more firms have equity stakes, to short-term contractual arrangements, in which two companies agree to cooperate on a particular task.Fi rms enter into strategic alliances for four main reasons. First, strategic alliances may facilitate entry into a foreign market. Second, strategic alliances allow firms to share the fixed costs of developing new products or processes. Third, strategic alliances allow firms to bring together complementary skills and assets that neither company could develop easily on its own. Fourth, strategic alliances can help firms establish technological standards for an industry.