'Carbene Addition Lab\r'

'Synthesis of 7, 7- dichloronorcarane in Carbon improver Reaction CHM 337 | Dr. Pettit Abstract: A solution of cyclohexene, aqueous sodium hydroxide, and benzyltriethylammonium was used to combine 7,7 †dichloronorcarane by the chase response: + CHCl3 + OH †H2O + + Cl †After terminus of the experiment, the percent recovery was calculated to be 46. 21% Introduction The purpose of this experiment was to form 7,7-dichloronorcarane by means of carbene trapping.Cyclohexene, aqueous sodium hydroxide, and benzyltriethylammonium chloride were used to synthesize 7,7 †dichloronorcarane by the following reception: + CHCl3 + OH- H2O + + Cl- In order to carry out this answer in reasonable time, a deuce phase reaction was used, avoiding the lengthy requirements to carry out the experiment as a single phase reaction, as hearty as the risk of undesirable products due to the heading of water. The components of the two stage reaction were as follows: An constitutive(a) p hase containing the alkene and CHCl2; and an aqueous phase containing the buns OH â€.Since the reactants, CHCl2 and OH †would separate into diverse phases, benzyltriethylammonium chloride was added as a phase-transfer atom smasher. Because the benzyltriethylammonium chloride has both(prenominal) hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties, it could cross the phase line and facilitated the transport of the hydroxide ion from the aqueous phase to the ingrained phase. Expected spectral changes in IR and 13C-NMR occasion To begin, 0. 324g of cyclohexene was mixed with 1 ml of 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide, 1ml of put out and 0. 040g of the phase transfer catalyst benzyltriethylammonium chloride.The reaction was stirred and heated at 40 degrees Celsius for an hour before extracting the 7,7 dichloronorcarane through 2 methyl group chloride extraction processes (1ml methylene chloride). The product was then business line dried until no more liquid would evaporate, and weighed t alent a percent recovery of 43%. The subject matter was then used to conduct an IR and 13C-NMR spectra streamlet giving the results. Results and Calculations Calculating moles of cyclohexene (81g cyclohexene/1ml) * (0. 40ml cyclohexene) = 0. 324g cyclohexene 0. 324g cyclohexene*(1mol cyclohexene/82. g cyclohexene) = 3. 95 * 10^-3 mol cyclohexene Calculating moles of chloroform 1. 49g/ml chloroform * 1ml of chloroform = 1. 49g of chloroform 1. 49g of chloroform * (1mol of chloroform/119. 4g chloroform)= 1. 25 * 10^-2 moles chloroform. Calculating moles of benzyltriethylammonium chloride (1. 08g benzyltriethylammonium chloride/ml) * 0. 040ml of benzyltriethylammonium chloride = 0. 0432 grams benzyltriethylammonium chloride * 1mol/227.8g benzyltriethylammonium chloride = 1. 896 * 10^-4 moles benzyltriethylammonium chloride Finding the constrictive reagent CHCl3 +OH- H2O + Cl- (balanced as is with catalyst in rxn) 3. 95 * 10^-3 mol cyclohexene 1. 25 * 10^-2 moles chloroform 0. 058 m oles of sodium hydroxide * Cyclohexane has the lowest amount on reactant side and is the limiting reagent. Amount of 7,7 dichloronorcarane= 3. 95*10^-3 moles * 165. 06g 7,7dichloronorcarane/mol= 0. 652g 7,7 dichloronorcarane theoretical give birth Experimental yield of dichloronorcarane= test tube with †test tube without (27. 159grams †26. 890grams)= 0. 269grams dichloronorcarane portion recovery (Actual chain reactor yield/ theoretical mass yield) * 100%= percent recovery (0. 69grams/0. 652grams) *100%= 41. 26% yield recovery Formation of 7,7 dichloronorcarane + CHCl3 + OH- H2O + Cl †Discussion and Conclusions Discussion Topics and Questions a. Compare IR and 13C-NMR spectra of cyclohexene and 7,7-dichloronorcarane and establish out changes in IR vibrational frequencies and 13C-NMR resonances that concord the formation of 7,7-dicholoronorcarane. Be indisputable to identify the C-H stretchability of the cyclopropane ring hydrogens. b. Why did you need to stir t he mixture vigorously during the reaction?Since the reactants are in different phases, stirring vigorously allowed the catalyst to transfer a hydroxide ion from the aqueous phase to the primitive phase, allowing the reaction to proceed as desired. c. Why did you wash the organic phase with perfect(a) sodium chloride solution? The saturated sodium chloride was important for the removal of water. If the water was non removed from solution, it could react and create undesirable reactions, much(prenominal) as those described in Pavia: (4) (5) d. Describe two chemical tests and the visual results that would indicate whether cyclohexene is present or absent.Bromine in methylene chloride †If the addition of bromide (red liquid) results in a colorless solution, cyclohexene is present. Potassium Permanganate (Baeyer test) †This reaction depends on the color change from purple MnO4- ion into a brown precipitate of MnO2 e. Draw the structures of the products that you would expec t from the reactions of cis and trans-2-butene. Be sure to comment on the stereochemistry of the products (enantiomers and meso forms). f. Provide a implement for the formation of the following products of a carbine addition reaction\r\n'